Công thức toán tích phân

Tích phân

Tích phân bất định

$\int f(x)dx=\lim _{\Delta x\rightarrow 0}\sum [f(x)+{\frac {\Delta f(x)}{2}}]\Delta x=F(x)+C$

Tích phân xác định

$\int \limits _{a}^{b}f(x)dx=F(b)-F(a)$

Công thức tích phân

	Integral	Value	Remarks
1	$\int c\,dx$	$cx+C\,$
2	$\int x^{n}\,dx$	${\frac {x^{n+1}}{n+1}}+C$	$n\neq -1$
3	$\int {\frac {1}{x}}\,dx$	$\ln {\left|x\right|}+C$
4	$\int {1 \over {a^{2}+x^{2}}}\,dx$	${1 \over a}\arctan {x \over a}+C$
5	$\int {1 \over {\sqrt {a^{2}-x^{2}}}}\,dx$	$\arcsin {x \over a}+C$
6	$\int {-1 \over {\sqrt {a^{2}-x^{2}}}}\,dx$	$\arccos {x \over a}+C$
7	$\int {1 \over x{\sqrt {x^{2}-a^{2}}}}\,dx$	${1 \over a}{\mbox{arcsec}}\,{|x| \over a}+C$
8	$\int \ln {x}\,dx$	$x\ln {x}-x+C\,$
9	$\int \log _{b}{x}\,dx$	$x\log _{b}{x}-x\log _{b}{e}+C\,$
10	$\int e^{x}\,dx$	$e^{x}+C\,$
11	$\int a^{x}\,dx$	${\frac {a^{x}}{\ln {a}}}+C$
12	$\int \sin {x}\,dx$	$-\cos {x}+C\,$
13	$\int \cos {x}\,dx$	$\sin {x}+C\,$
14	$\int \tan {x}\,dx$	$-\ln {\left|\cos {x}\right|}+C\,$
15	$\int \cot {x}\,dx$	$\ln {\left|\sin {x}\right|}+C\,$
16	$\int \sec {x}\,dx$	$\ln {\left|\sec {x}+\tan {x}\right|}+C\,$
17	$\int \csc {x}\,dx$	$-\ln {\left|\csc {x}+\cot {x}\right|}+C\,$
18	$\int \sec ^{2}x\,dx$	$\tan x+C\,$
19	$\int \csc ^{2}x\,dx$	$-\cot x+C\,$
20	$\int \sec {x}\,\tan {x}\,dx$	$\sec {x}+C\,$
21	$\int \csc {x}\,\cot {x}\,dx$	$-\csc {x}+C\,$
22	$\int \sin ^{2}x\,dx$	${\frac {1}{2}}(x-\sin x\cos x)+C\,$
23	$\int \cos ^{2}x\,dx$	${\frac {1}{2}}(x+\sin x\cos x)+C\,$
24	$\int \sin ^{n}x\,dx$	$-{\frac {\sin ^{n-1}{x}\cos {x}}{n}}+{\frac {n-1}{n}}\int \sin ^{n-2}{x}\,dx$
25	$\int \cos ^{n}x\,dx$	$-{\frac {\cos ^{n-1}{x}\sin {x}}{n}}+{\frac {n-1}{n}}\int \cos ^{n-2}{x}\,dx$
26	$\int \arctan {x}\,dx$	$x\,\arctan {x}-{\frac {1}{2}}\ln {\left|1+x^{2}\right|}+C$
27	$\int \sinh x\,dx$	$\cosh x+C\,$
28	$\int \cosh x\,dx$	$\sinh x+C\,$
29	$\int \tanh x\,dx$	$\ln |\cosh x|+C\,$
30	$\int {\mbox{csch}}\,x\,dx$	$\ln \left|\tanh {x \over 2}\right|+C$
31	$\int {\mbox{sech}}\,x\,dx$	$\arctan(\sinh x)+C\,$
32	$\int \coth x\,dx$	$\ln |\sinh x|+C\,$

$\int \sin ax\;dx=-{\frac {1}{a}}\cos ax+C\,\!$

$\int \sin ^{2}{ax}\;dx={\frac {x}{2}}-{\frac {1}{4a}}\sin 2ax+C={\frac {x}{2}}-{\frac {1}{2a}}\sin ax\cos ax+C\!$

$\int x\sin ^{2}{ax}\;dx={\frac {x^{2}}{4}}-{\frac {x}{4a}}\sin 2ax-{\frac {1}{8a^{2}}}\cos 2ax+C\!$

$\int x^{2}\sin ^{2}{ax}\;dx={\frac {x^{3}}{6}}-\left({\frac {x^{2}}{4a}}-{\frac {1}{8a^{3}}}\right)\sin 2ax-{\frac {x}{4a^{2}}}\cos 2ax+C\!$

$\int \sin b_{1}x\sin b_{2}x\;dx={\frac {\sin((b_{1}-b_{2})x)}{2(b_{1}-b_{2})}}-{\frac {\sin((b_{1}+b_{2})x)}{2(b_{1}+b_{2})}}+C\qquad {\mbox{(for }}|b_{1}|\neq |b_{2}|{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int \sin ^{n}{ax}\;dx=-{\frac {\sin ^{n-1}ax\cos ax}{na}}+{\frac {n-1}{n}}\int \sin ^{n-2}ax\;dx\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n>0{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sin ax}}={\frac {1}{a}}\ln \left|\tan {\frac {ax}{2}}\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sin ^{n}ax}}={\frac {\cos ax}{a(1-n)\sin ^{n-1}ax}}+{\frac {n-2}{n-1}}\int {\frac {dx}{\sin ^{n-2}ax}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n>1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int x\sin ax\;dx={\frac {\sin ax}{a^{2}}}-{\frac {x\cos ax}{a}}+C\,\!$

$\int x^{n}\sin ax\;dx=-{\frac {x^{n}}{a}}\cos ax+{\frac {n}{a}}\int x^{n-1}\cos ax\;dx\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n>0{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int _{\frac {-a}{2}}^{\frac {a}{2}}x^{2}\sin ^{2}{\frac {n\pi x}{a}}\;dx={\frac {a^{3}(n^{2}\pi ^{2}-6)}{24n^{2}\pi ^{2}}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n=2,4,6...{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\sin ax}{x}}dx=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }(-1)^{n}{\frac {(ax)^{2n+1}}{(2n+1)\cdot (2n+1)!}}+C\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\sin ax}{x^{n}}}dx=-{\frac {\sin ax}{(n-1)x^{n-1}}}+{\frac {a}{n-1}}\int {\frac {\cos ax}{x^{n-1}}}dx\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{1\pm \sin ax}}={\frac {1}{a}}\tan \left({\frac {ax}{2}}\mp {\frac {\pi }{4}}\right)+C$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{1+\sin ax}}={\frac {x}{a}}\tan \left({\frac {ax}{2}}-{\frac {\pi }{4}}\right)+{\frac {2}{a^{2}}}\ln \left|\cos \left({\frac {ax}{2}}-{\frac {\pi }{4}}\right)\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{1-\sin ax}}={\frac {x}{a}}\cot \left({\frac {\pi }{4}}-{\frac {ax}{2}}\right)+{\frac {2}{a^{2}}}\ln \left|\sin \left({\frac {\pi }{4}}-{\frac {ax}{2}}\right)\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {\sin ax\;dx}{1\pm \sin ax}}=\pm x+{\frac {1}{a}}\tan \left({\frac {\pi }{4}}\mp {\frac {ax}{2}}\right)+C$

$\int \cos ax\;dx={\frac {1}{a}}\sin ax+C\,\!$

$\int \cos ^{n}ax\;dx={\frac {\cos ^{n-1}ax\sin ax}{na}}+{\frac {n-1}{n}}\int \cos ^{n-2}ax\;dx\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n>0{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int x\cos ax\;dx={\frac {\cos ax}{a^{2}}}+{\frac {x\sin ax}{a}}+C\,\!$

$\int \cos ^{2}{ax}\;dx={\frac {x}{2}}+{\frac {1}{4a}}\sin 2ax+C={\frac {x}{2}}+{\frac {1}{2a}}\sin ax\cos ax+C\!$

$\int x^{2}\cos ^{2}{ax}\;dx={\frac {x^{3}}{6}}+\left({\frac {x^{2}}{4a}}-{\frac {1}{8a^{3}}}\right)\sin 2ax+{\frac {x}{4a^{2}}}\cos 2ax+C\!$

$\int x^{n}\cos ax\;dx={\frac {x^{n}\sin ax}{a}}-{\frac {n}{a}}\int x^{n-1}\sin ax\;dx\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\cos ax}{x}}dx=\ln |ax|+\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }(-1)^{k}{\frac {(ax)^{2k}}{2k\cdot (2k)!}}+C\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\cos ax}{x^{n}}}dx=-{\frac {\cos ax}{(n-1)x^{n-1}}}-{\frac {a}{n-1}}\int {\frac {\sin ax}{x^{n-1}}}dx\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\cos ax}}={\frac {1}{a}}\ln \left|\tan \left({\frac {ax}{2}}+{\frac {\pi }{4}}\right)\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\cos ^{n}ax}}={\frac {\sin ax}{a(n-1)\cos ^{n-1}ax}}+{\frac {n-2}{n-1}}\int {\frac {dx}{\cos ^{n-2}ax}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n>1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{1+\cos ax}}={\frac {1}{a}}\tan {\frac {ax}{2}}+C\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{1-\cos ax}}=-{\frac {1}{a}}\cot {\frac {ax}{2}}+C\,\!$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{1+\cos ax}}={\frac {x}{a}}\tan {\frac {ax}{2}}+{\frac {2}{a^{2}}}\ln \left|\cos {\frac {ax}{2}}\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{1-\cos ax}}=-{\frac {x}{a}}\cot {\frac {ax}{2}}+{\frac {2}{a^{2}}}\ln \left|\sin {\frac {ax}{2}}\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {\cos ax\;dx}{1+\cos ax}}=x-{\frac {1}{a}}\tan {\frac {ax}{2}}+C\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\cos ax\;dx}{1-\cos ax}}=-x-{\frac {1}{a}}\cot {\frac {ax}{2}}+C\,\!$

$\int \cos a_{1}x\cos a_{2}x\;dx={\frac {\sin(a_{1}-a_{2})x}{2(a_{1}-a_{2})}}+{\frac {\sin(a_{1}+a_{2})x}{2(a_{1}+a_{2})}}+C\qquad {\mbox{(for }}|a_{1}|\neq |a_{2}|{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int \tan ax\;dx=-{\frac {1}{a}}\ln |\cos ax|+C={\frac {1}{a}}\ln |\sec ax|+C\,\!$

$\int \tan ^{n}ax\;dx={\frac {1}{a(n-1)}}\tan ^{n-1}ax-\int \tan ^{n-2}ax\;dx\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{q\tan ax+p}}={\frac {1}{p^{2}+q^{2}}}(px+{\frac {q}{a}}\ln |q\sin ax+p\cos ax|)+C\qquad {\mbox{(for }}p^{2}+q^{2}\neq 0{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\tan ax}}={\frac {1}{a}}\ln |\sin ax|+C\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\tan ax+1}}={\frac {x}{2}}+{\frac {1}{2a}}\ln |\sin ax+\cos ax|+C\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\tan ax-1}}=-{\frac {x}{2}}+{\frac {1}{2a}}\ln |\sin ax-\cos ax|+C\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\tan ax\;dx}{\tan ax+1}}={\frac {x}{2}}-{\frac {1}{2a}}\ln |\sin ax+\cos ax|+C\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\tan ax\;dx}{\tan ax-1}}={\frac {x}{2}}+{\frac {1}{2a}}\ln |\sin ax-\cos ax|+C\,\!$

$\int \sec {ax}\,dx={\frac {1}{a}}\ln {\left|\sec {ax}+\tan {ax}\right|}+C$

$\int \sec ^{n}{ax}\,dx={\frac {\sec ^{n-1}{ax}\sin {ax}}{a(n-1)}}\,+\,{\frac {n-2}{n-1}}\int \sec ^{n-2}{ax}\,dx\qquad {\mbox{ (for }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int \sec ^{n}{x}\,dx={\frac {\sec ^{n-2}{x}\tan {x}}{n-1}}\,+\,{\frac {n-2}{n-1}}\int \sec ^{n-2}{x}\,dx$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sec {x}+1}}=x-\tan {\frac {x}{2}}+C$

$\int \csc {ax}\,dx={\frac {1}{a}}\ln {\left|\csc {ax}-\cot {ax}\right|}+C$

$\int \csc ^{2}{x}\,dx=-\cot {x}+C$

$\int \csc ^{n}{ax}\,dx=-{\frac {\csc ^{n-1}{ax}\cos {ax}}{a(n-1)}}\,+\,{\frac {n-2}{n-1}}\int \csc ^{n-2}{ax}\,dx\qquad {\mbox{ (for }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int \cot ax\;dx={\frac {1}{a}}\ln |\sin ax|+C\,\!$

$\int \cot ^{n}ax\;dx=-{\frac {1}{a(n-1)}}\cot ^{n-1}ax-\int \cot ^{n-2}ax\;dx\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{1+\cot ax}}=\int {\frac {\tan ax\;dx}{\tan ax+1}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{1-\cot ax}}=\int {\frac {\tan ax\;dx}{\tan ax-1}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\cos ax\pm \sin ax}}={\frac {1}{a{\sqrt {2}}}}\ln \left|\tan \left({\frac {ax}{2}}\pm {\frac {\pi }{8}}\right)\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {dx}{(\cos ax\pm \sin ax)^{2}}}={\frac {1}{2a}}\tan \left(ax\mp {\frac {\pi }{4}}\right)+C$

$\int {\frac {dx}{(\cos x+\sin x)^{n}}}={\frac {1}{n-1}}\left({\frac {\sin x-\cos x}{(\cos x+\sin x)^{n-1}}}-2(n-2)\int {\frac {dx}{(\cos x+\sin x)^{n-2}}}\right)$

$\int {\frac {\cos ax\;dx}{\cos ax+\sin ax}}={\frac {x}{2}}+{\frac {1}{2a}}\ln \left|\sin ax+\cos ax\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {\cos ax\;dx}{\cos ax-\sin ax}}={\frac {x}{2}}-{\frac {1}{2a}}\ln \left|\sin ax-\cos ax\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {\sin ax\;dx}{\cos ax+\sin ax}}={\frac {x}{2}}-{\frac {1}{2a}}\ln \left|\sin ax+\cos ax\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {\sin ax\;dx}{\cos ax-\sin ax}}=-{\frac {x}{2}}-{\frac {1}{2a}}\ln \left|\sin ax-\cos ax\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {\cos ax\;dx}{\sin ax(1+\cos ax)}}=-{\frac {1}{4a}}\tan ^{2}{\frac {ax}{2}}+{\frac {1}{2a}}\ln \left|\tan {\frac {ax}{2}}\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {\cos ax\;dx}{\sin ax(1+-\cos ax)}}=-{\frac {1}{4a}}\cot ^{2}{\frac {ax}{2}}-{\frac {1}{2a}}\ln \left|\tan {\frac {ax}{2}}\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {\sin ax\;dx}{\cos ax(1+\sin ax)}}={\frac {1}{4a}}\cot ^{2}\left({\frac {ax}{2}}+{\frac {\pi }{4}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2a}}\ln \left|\tan \left({\frac {ax}{2}}+{\frac {\pi }{4}}\right)\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {\sin ax\;dx}{\cos ax(1-\sin ax)}}={\frac {1}{4a}}\tan ^{2}\left({\frac {ax}{2}}+{\frac {\pi }{4}}\right)-{\frac {1}{2a}}\ln \left|\tan \left({\frac {ax}{2}}+{\frac {\pi }{4}}\right)\right|+C$

$\int \sin ax\cos ax\;dx={\frac {1}{2a}}\sin ^{2}ax+C\,\!$

$\int \sin a_{1}x\cos a_{2}x\;dx=-{\frac {\cos(a_{1}+a_{2})x}{2(a_{1}+a_{2})}}-{\frac {\cos(a_{1}-a_{2})x}{2(a_{1}-a_{2})}}+C\qquad {\mbox{(for }}|a_{1}|\neq |a_{2}|{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int \sin ^{n}ax\cos ax\;dx={\frac {1}{a(n+1)}}\sin ^{n+1}ax+C\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq -1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int \sin ax\cos ^{n}ax\;dx=-{\frac {1}{a(n+1)}}\cos ^{n+1}ax+C\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq -1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int \sin ^{n}ax\cos ^{m}ax\;dx=-{\frac {\sin ^{n-1}ax\cos ^{m+1}ax}{a(n+m)}}+{\frac {n-1}{n+m}}\int \sin ^{n-2}ax\cos ^{m}ax\;dx\qquad {\mbox{(for }}m,n>0{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

also: $\int \sin ^{n}ax\cos ^{m}ax\;dx={\frac {\sin ^{n+1}ax\cos ^{m-1}ax}{a(n+m)}}+{\frac {m-1}{n+m}}\int \sin ^{n}ax\cos ^{m-2}ax\;dx\qquad {\mbox{(for }}m,n>0{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sin ax\cos ax}}={\frac {1}{a}}\ln \left|\tan ax\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sin ax\cos ^{n}ax}}={\frac {1}{a(n-1)\cos ^{n-1}ax}}+\int {\frac {dx}{\sin ax\cos ^{n-2}ax}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sin ^{n}ax\cos ax}}=-{\frac {1}{a(n-1)\sin ^{n-1}ax}}+\int {\frac {dx}{\sin ^{n-2}ax\cos ax}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\sin ax\;dx}{\cos ^{n}ax}}={\frac {1}{a(n-1)\cos ^{n-1}ax}}+C\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\sin ^{2}ax\;dx}{\cos ax}}=-{\frac {1}{a}}\sin ax+{\frac {1}{a}}\ln \left|\tan \left({\frac {\pi }{4}}+{\frac {ax}{2}}\right)\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {\sin ^{2}ax\;dx}{\cos ^{n}ax}}={\frac {\sin ax}{a(n-1)\cos ^{n-1}ax}}-{\frac {1}{n-1}}\int {\frac {dx}{\cos ^{n-2}ax}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\sin ^{n}ax\;dx}{\cos ax}}=-{\frac {\sin ^{n-1}ax}{a(n-1)}}+\int {\frac {\sin ^{n-2}ax\;dx}{\cos ax}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\sin ^{n}ax\;dx}{\cos ^{m}ax}}={\frac {\sin ^{n+1}ax}{a(m-1)\cos ^{m-1}ax}}-{\frac {n-m+2}{m-1}}\int {\frac {\sin ^{n}ax\;dx}{\cos ^{m-2}ax}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}m\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

also: $\int {\frac {\sin ^{n}ax\;dx}{\cos ^{m}ax}}=-{\frac {\sin ^{n-1}ax}{a(n-m)\cos ^{m-1}ax}}+{\frac {n-1}{n-m}}\int {\frac {\sin ^{n-2}ax\;dx}{\cos ^{m}ax}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}m\neq n{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

also: $\int {\frac {\sin ^{n}ax\;dx}{\cos ^{m}ax}}={\frac {\sin ^{n-1}ax}{a(m-1)\cos ^{m-1}ax}}-{\frac {n-1}{m-1}}\int {\frac {\sin ^{n-2}ax\;dx}{\cos ^{m-2}ax}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}m\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\cos ax\;dx}{\sin ^{n}ax}}=-{\frac {1}{a(n-1)\sin ^{n-1}ax}}+C\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\cos ^{2}ax\;dx}{\sin ax}}={\frac {1}{a}}\left(\cos ax+\ln \left|\tan {\frac {ax}{2}}\right|\right)+C$

$\int {\frac {\cos ^{2}ax\;dx}{\sin ^{n}ax}}=-{\frac {1}{n-1}}\left({\frac {\cos ax}{a\sin ^{n-1}ax)}}+\int {\frac {dx}{\sin ^{n-2}ax}}\right)\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {\cos ^{n}ax\;dx}{\sin ^{m}ax}}=-{\frac {\cos ^{n+1}ax}{a(m-1)\sin ^{m-1}ax}}-{\frac {n-m-2}{m-1}}\int {\frac {\cos ^{n}ax\;dx}{\sin ^{m-2}ax}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}m\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

also: $\int {\frac {\cos ^{n}ax\;dx}{\sin ^{m}ax}}={\frac {\cos ^{n-1}ax}{a(n-m)\sin ^{m-1}ax}}+{\frac {n-1}{n-m}}\int {\frac {\cos ^{n-2}ax\;dx}{\sin ^{m}ax}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}m\neq n{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

also: $\int {\frac {\cos ^{n}ax\;dx}{\sin ^{m}ax}}=-{\frac {\cos ^{n-1}ax}{a(m-1)\sin ^{m-1}ax}}-{\frac {n-1}{m-1}}\int {\frac {\cos ^{n-2}ax\;dx}{\sin ^{m-2}ax}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}m\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int \sin ax\tan ax\;dx={\frac {1}{a}}(\ln |\sec ax+\tan ax|-\sin ax)+C\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\tan ^{n}ax\;dx}{\sin ^{2}ax}}={\frac {1}{a(n-1)}}\tan ^{n-1}(ax)+C\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\tan ^{n}ax\;dx}{\cos ^{2}ax}}={\frac {1}{a(n+1)}}\tan ^{n+1}ax+C\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq -1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\cot ^{n}ax\;dx}{\sin ^{2}ax}}={\frac {1}{a(n+1)}}\cot ^{n+1}ax+C\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq -1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\cot ^{n}ax\;dx}{\cos ^{2}ax}}={\frac {1}{a(1-n)}}\tan ^{1-n}ax+C\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int _{-c}^{c}\sin {x}\;dx=0\!$

$\int _{-c}^{c}\cos {x}\;dx=2\int _{0}^{c}\cos {x}\;dx=2\int _{-c}^{0}\cos {x}\;dx=2\sin {c}\!$

$\int _{-c}^{c}\tan {x}\;dx=0\!$

$\int _{\frac {-a}{2}}^{\frac {a}{2}}x^{2}\cos ^{2}{\frac {n\pi x}{a}}\;dx={\frac {a^{3}(n^{2}\pi ^{2}-6)}{24n^{2}\pi ^{2}}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n=1,3,5...{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int \arcsin {\frac {x}{c}}\,dx=x\arcsin {\frac {x}{c}}+{\sqrt {c^{2}-x^{2}}}$

$\int x\arcsin {\frac {x}{c}}\,dx=\left({\frac {x^{2}}{2}}-{\frac {c^{2}}{4}}\right)\arcsin {\frac {x}{c}}+{\frac {x}{4}}{\sqrt {c^{2}-x^{2}}}$

$\int x^{2}\arcsin {\frac {x}{c}}\,dx={\frac {x^{3}}{3}}\arcsin {\frac {x}{c}}+{\frac {x^{2}+2c^{2}}{9}}{\sqrt {c^{2}-x^{2}}}$

$\int x^{n}\sin ^{-1}x\,dx={\frac {1}{n+1}}\left(x^{n+1}\sin ^{-1}x\right.$

$\left.+{\frac {x^{n}{\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}-nx^{n-1}\sin ^{-1}x}{n-1}}+n\int x^{n-2}\sin ^{-1}x\,dx\right)$

$\int \arccos {\frac {x}{c}}\,dx=x\arccos {\frac {x}{c}}-{\sqrt {c^{2}-x^{2}}}$

$\int x\arccos {\frac {x}{c}}\,dx=\left({\frac {x^{2}}{2}}-{\frac {c^{2}}{4}}\right)\arccos {\frac {x}{c}}-{\frac {x}{4}}{\sqrt {c^{2}-x^{2}}}$

$\int x^{2}\arccos {\frac {x}{c}}\,dx={\frac {x^{3}}{3}}\arccos {\frac {x}{c}}-{\frac {x^{2}+2c^{2}}{9}}{\sqrt {c^{2}-x^{2}}}$

$\int \arctan {\frac {x}{c}}\,dx=x\arctan {\frac {x}{c}}-{\frac {c}{2}}\ln(c^{2}+x^{2})$

$\int x\arctan {\frac {x}{c}}\,dx={\frac {c^{2}+x^{2}}{2}}\arctan {\frac {x}{c}}-{\frac {cx}{2}}$

$\int x^{2}\arctan {\frac {x}{c}}\,dx={\frac {x^{3}}{3}}\arctan {\frac {x}{c}}-{\frac {cx^{2}}{6}}+{\frac {c^{3}}{6}}\ln {c^{2}+x^{2}}$

$\int x^{n}\arctan {\frac {x}{c}}\,dx={\frac {x^{n+1}}{n+1}}\arctan {\frac {x}{c}}-{\frac {c}{n+1}}\int {\frac {x^{n+1}dx}{c^{2}+x^{2}}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

$\int \operatorname {arcsec} {\frac {x}{c}}\,dx=x\operatorname {arcsec} {\frac {x}{c}}+{\frac {x}{c|x|}}\ln {|x\pm {\sqrt {x^{2}-1}}|}$

$\int x\operatorname {arcsec} {x}\,dx\,=\,{\frac {1}{2}}\left(x^{2}\operatorname {arcsec} {x}-{\sqrt {x^{2}-1}}\right)$

$\int x^{n}\operatorname {arcsec} {x}\,dx\,=\,{\frac {1}{n+1}}\left(x^{n+1}\operatorname {arcsec} {x}-{\frac {1}{n}}\left(x^{n-1}{\sqrt {x^{2}-1}}\;\right.\right.$

$\left.\left.+(1-n)\left(x^{n-1}\operatorname {arcsec} {x}+(1-n)\int x^{n-2}\operatorname {arcsec} {x}\,dx\right)\right)\right)$

$\int \mathrm {arccot} \,{\frac {x}{c}}\,dx=x\,\mathrm {arccot} \,{\frac {x}{c}}+{\frac {c}{2}}\ln(c^{2}+x^{2})$

$\int x\,\mathrm {arccot} \,{\frac {x}{c}}\,dx={\frac {c^{2}+x^{2}}{2}}\,\mathrm {arccot} \,{\frac {x}{c}}+{\frac {cx}{2}}$

$\int x^{2}\,\mathrm {arccot} \,{\frac {x}{c}}\,dx={\frac {x^{3}}{3}}\,\mathrm {arccot} \,{\frac {x}{c}}+{\frac {cx^{2}}{6}}-{\frac {c^{3}}{6}}\ln(c^{2}+x^{2})$

$\int x^{n}\,\mathrm {arccot} \,{\frac {x}{c}}\,dx={\frac {x^{n+1}}{n+1}}\,\mathrm {arccot} \,{\frac {x}{c}}+{\frac {c}{n+1}}\int {\frac {x^{n+1}dx}{c^{2}+x^{2}}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

$\int (ax+b)^{n}dx={\frac {(ax+b)^{n+1}}{a(n+1)}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\neq -1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{ax+b}}={\frac {1}{a}}\ln \left|ax+b\right|$

$\int x(ax+b)^{n}dx={\frac {a(n+1)x-b}{a^{2}(n+1)(n+2)}}(ax+b)^{n+1}\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\not \in \{1,2\}{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {x}{ax+b}}dx={\frac {x}{a}}-{\frac {b}{a^{2}}}\ln \left|ax+b\right|$

$\int {\frac {x}{(ax+b)^{2}}}dx={\frac {b}{a^{2}(ax+b)}}+{\frac {1}{a^{2}}}\ln \left|ax+b\right|$

$\int {\frac {x}{(ax+b)^{n}}}dx={\frac {a(1-n)x-b}{a^{2}(n-1)(n-2)(ax+b)^{n-1}}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\not \in \{1,2\}{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}}{ax+b}}dx={\frac {1}{a^{3}}}\left({\frac {(ax+b)^{2}}{2}}-2b(ax+b)+b^{2}\ln \left|ax+b\right|\right)$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}}{(ax+b)^{2}}}dx={\frac {1}{a^{3}}}\left(ax+b-2b\ln \left|ax+b\right|-{\frac {b^{2}}{ax+b}}\right)$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}}{(ax+b)^{3}}}dx={\frac {1}{a^{3}}}\left(\ln \left|ax+b\right|+{\frac {2b}{ax+b}}-{\frac {b^{2}}{2(ax+b)^{2}}}\right)$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}}{(ax+b)^{n}}}dx={\frac {1}{a^{3}}}\left(-{\frac {1}{(n-3)(ax+b)^{n-3}}}+{\frac {2b}{(n-2)(a+b)^{n-2}}}-{\frac {b^{2}}{(n-1)(ax+b)^{n-1}}}\right)\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\not \in \{1,2,3\}{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{x(ax+b)}}=-{\frac {1}{b}}\ln \left|{\frac {ax+b}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {dx}{x^{2}(ax+b)}}=-{\frac {1}{bx}}+{\frac {a}{b^{2}}}\ln \left|{\frac {ax+b}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {dx}{x^{2}(ax+b)^{2}}}=-a\left({\frac {1}{b^{2}(ax+b)}}+{\frac {1}{ab^{2}x}}-{\frac {2}{b^{3}}}\ln \left|{\frac {ax+b}{x}}\right|\right)$

$\int {\frac {dx}{x^{2}+a^{2}}}={\frac {1}{a}}\arctan {\frac {x}{a}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{x^{2}-a^{2}}}=-{\frac {1}{a}}\,\mathrm {arctanh} {\frac {x}{a}}={\frac {1}{2a}}\ln {\frac {a-x}{a+x}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}|x|<|a|{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{x^{2}-a^{2}}}=-{\frac {1}{a}}\,\mathrm {arccoth} {\frac {x}{a}}={\frac {1}{2a}}\ln {\frac {x-a}{x+a}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}|x|>|a|{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{ax^{2}+bx+c}}={\frac {2}{\sqrt {4ac-b^{2}}}}\arctan {\frac {2ax+b}{\sqrt {4ac-b^{2}}}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}4ac-b^{2}>0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{ax^{2}+bx+c}}={\frac {2}{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}\,\mathrm {artanh} {\frac {2ax+b}{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}\ln \left|{\frac {2ax+b-{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}{2ax+b+{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}}\right|\qquad {\mbox{( }}4ac-b^{2}<0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{ax^{2}+bx+c}}=-{\frac {2}{2ax+b}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}4ac-b^{2}=0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {x}{ax^{2}+bx+c}}dx={\frac {1}{2a}}\ln \left|ax^{2}+bx+c\right|-{\frac {b}{2a}}\int {\frac {dx}{ax^{2}+bx+c}}$

$\int {\frac {mx+n}{ax^{2}+bx+c}}dx={\frac {m}{2a}}\ln \left|ax^{2}+bx+c\right|+{\frac {2an-bm}{a{\sqrt {4ac-b^{2}}}}}\arctan {\frac {2ax+b}{\sqrt {4ac-b^{2}}}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}4ac-b^{2}>0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {mx+n}{ax^{2}+bx+c}}dx={\frac {m}{2a}}\ln \left|ax^{2}+bx+c\right|+{\frac {2an-bm}{a{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}}\,\mathrm {artanh} {\frac {2ax+b}{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}4ac-b^{2}<0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {mx+n}{ax^{2}+bx+c}}dx={\frac {m}{2a}}\ln \left|ax^{2}+bx+c\right|-{\frac {2an-bm}{a(2ax+b)}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}4ac-b^{2}=0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{(ax^{2}+bx+c)^{n}}}={\frac {2ax+b}{(n-1)(4ac-b^{2})(ax^{2}+bx+c)^{n-1}}}+{\frac {(2n-3)2a}{(n-1)(4ac-b^{2})}}\int {\frac {dx}{(ax^{2}+bx+c)^{n-1}}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {x}{(ax^{2}+bx+c)^{n}}}dx={\frac {bx+2c}{(n-1)(4ac-b^{2})(ax^{2}+bx+c)^{n-1}}}-{\frac {b(2n-3)}{(n-1)(4ac-b^{2})}}\int {\frac {dx}{(ax^{2}+bx+c)^{n-1}}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{x(ax^{2}+bx+c)}}={\frac {1}{2c}}\ln \left|{\frac {x^{2}}{ax^{2}+bx+c}}\right|-{\frac {b}{2c}}\int {\frac {dx}{ax^{2}+bx+c}}$

$\int r\;dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xr+a^{2}\,\ln \left(x+r\right)\right)$

$\int r^{3}\;dx={\frac {1}{4}}xr^{3}+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{2}xr+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{4}\ln \left(x+r\right)$

$\int r^{5}\;dx={\frac {1}{6}}xr^{5}+{\frac {5}{24}}a^{2}xr^{3}+{\frac {5}{16}}a^{4}xr+{\frac {5}{16}}a^{6}\ln \left(x+r\right)$

$\int xr\;dx={\frac {r^{3}}{3}}$

$\int xr^{3}\;dx={\frac {r^{5}}{5}}$

$\int xr^{2n+1}\;dx={\frac {r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}$

$\int x^{2}r\;dx={\frac {xr^{3}}{4}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr}{8}}-{\frac {a^{4}}{8}}\ln \left(x+r\right)$

$\int x^{2}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {xr^{5}}{6}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr^{3}}{24}}-{\frac {a^{4}xr}{16}}-{\frac {a^{6}}{16}}\ln \left(x+r\right)$

$\int x^{3}r\;dx={\frac {r^{5}}{5}}-{\frac {a^{2}r^{3}}{3}}$

$\int x^{3}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}-{\frac {a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}$

$\int x^{3}r^{2n+1}\;dx={\frac {r^{2n+5}}{2n+5}}-{\frac {a^{3}r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}$

$\int x^{4}r\;dx={\frac {x^{3}r^{3}}{6}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr^{3}}{8}}+{\frac {a^{4}xr}{16}}+{\frac {a^{6}}{16}}\ln \left(x+r\right)$

$\int x^{4}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {x^{3}r^{5}}{8}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr^{5}}{16}}+{\frac {a^{4}xr^{3}}{64}}+{\frac {3a^{6}xr}{128}}+{\frac {3a^{8}}{128}}\ln \left(x+r\right)$

$\int x^{5}r\;dx={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{3}}{3}}$

$\int x^{5}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {r^{9}}{9}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{7}}{7}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{5}}{5}}$

$\int x^{5}r^{2n+1}\;dx={\frac {r^{2n+7}}{2n+7}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{2n+5}}{2n+5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}$

$\int {\frac {r\;dx}{x}}=r-a\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|=r-a\,\operatorname {arsinh} {\frac {a}{x}}$

$\int {\frac {r^{3}\;dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{3}}{3}}+a^{2}r-a^{3}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {r^{5}\;dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{2}r^{3}}{3}}+a^{4}r-a^{5}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {r^{7}\;dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}+{\frac {a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{3}}{3}}+a^{6}r-a^{7}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {dx}{r}}=\operatorname {arsinh} {\frac {x}{a}}=\ln \left({\frac {x+r}{a}}\right)$

$\int {\frac {dx}{r^{3}}}={\frac {x}{a^{2}r}}$

$\int {\frac {x\,dx}{r}}=r$

$\int {\frac {x\,dx}{r^{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{r}}$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{r}}={\frac {x}{2}}r-{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\,\operatorname {arsinh} {\frac {x}{a}}={\frac {x}{2}}r-{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\ln \left({\frac {x+r}{a}}\right)$

$\int {\frac {dx}{xr}}=-{\frac {1}{a}}\,\operatorname {arsinh} {\frac {a}{x}}=-{\frac {1}{a}}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$

$\int \mathrm {arsinh} \,{\frac {x}{c}}\,dx=x\,\mathrm {arsinh} \,{\frac {x}{c}}-{\sqrt {x^{2}+c^{2}}}$

$\int \mathrm {arcosh} \,{\frac {x}{c}}\,dx=x\,\mathrm {arcosh} \,{\frac {x}{c}}-{\sqrt {x^{2}-c^{2}}}$

$\int \mathrm {artanh} \,{\frac {x}{c}}\,dx=x\,\mathrm {artanh} \,{\frac {x}{c}}+{\frac {c}{2}}\ln |c^{2}-x^{2}|\qquad {\mbox{( }}|x|<|c|{\mbox{)}}$

$\int \mathrm {arcoth} \,{\frac {x}{c}}\,dx=x\,\mathrm {arcoth} \,{\frac {x}{c}}+{\frac {c}{2}}\ln |x^{2}-c^{2}|\qquad {\mbox{( }}|x|>|c|{\mbox{)}}$

$\int \mathrm {arsech} \,{\frac {x}{c}}\,dx=x\,\mathrm {arsech} \,{\frac {x}{c}}-c\,\mathrm {arctan} \,{\frac {x\,{\sqrt {\frac {c-x}{c+x}}}}{x-c}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}x\in (0,\,c){\mbox{)}}$

$\int \mathrm {arcsch} \,{\frac {x}{c}}\,dx=x\,\mathrm {arcsch} \,{\frac {x}{c}}+c\,\ln \,{\frac {x+{\sqrt {x^{2}+c^{2}}}}{c}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}x\in (0,\,c){\mbox{)}}$

Chú ý: bài này quy ước x>0.

$\int \ln cx\,dx=x\ln cx-x$

• $\int (\ln x)^{2}\;dx=x(\ln x)^{2}-2x\ln x+2x$

• $\int (\ln cx)^{n}\;dx=x(\ln cx)^{n}-n\int (\ln cx)^{n-1}dx$

• $\int {\frac {dx}{\ln x}}=\ln |\ln x|+\ln x+\sum _{i=2}^{\infty }{\frac {(\ln x)^{i}}{i\cdot i!}}$

• $\int {\frac {dx}{(\ln x)^{n}}}=-{\frac {x}{(n-1)(\ln x)^{n-1}}}+{\frac {1}{n-1}}\int {\frac {dx}{(\ln x)^{n-1}}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

• $\int x^{m}\ln x\;dx=x^{m+1}\left({\frac {\ln x}{m+1}}-{\frac {1}{(m+1)^{2}}}\right)\qquad {\mbox{( }}m\neq -1{\mbox{)}}$

• $\int x^{m}(\ln x)^{n}\;dx={\frac {x^{m+1}(\ln x)^{n}}{m+1}}-{\frac {n}{m+1}}\int x^{m}(\ln x)^{n-1}dx\qquad {\mbox{( }}m\neq -1{\mbox{)}}$

• $\int {\frac {(\ln x)^{n}\;dx}{x}}={\frac {(\ln x)^{n+1}}{n+1}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\neq -1{\mbox{)}}$

• $\int {\frac {\ln x\,dx}{x^{m}}}=-{\frac {\ln x}{(m-1)x^{m-1}}}-{\frac {1}{(m-1)^{2}x^{m-1}}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}m\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

• $\int {\frac {(\ln x)^{n}\;dx}{x^{m}}}=-{\frac {(\ln x)^{n}}{(m-1)x^{m-1}}}+{\frac {n}{m-1}}\int {\frac {(\ln x)^{n-1}dx}{x^{m}}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}m\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

• $\int {\frac {x^{m}\;dx}{(\ln x)^{n}}}=-{\frac {x^{m+1}}{(n-1)(\ln x)^{n-1}}}+{\frac {m+1}{n-1}}\int {\frac {x^{m}dx}{(\ln x)^{n-1}}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

• $\int {\frac {dx}{x\ln x}}=\ln |\ln x|$

• $\int {\frac {dx}{x^{n}\ln x}}=\ln |\ln x|+\sum _{i=1}^{\infty }(-1)^{i}{\frac {(n-1)^{i}(\ln x)^{i}}{i\cdot i!}}$

• $\int {\frac {dx}{x(\ln x)^{n}}}=-{\frac {1}{(n-1)(\ln x)^{n-1}}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

• $\int \sin(\ln x)\;dx={\frac {x}{2}}(\sin(\ln x)-\cos(\ln x))$

• $\int \cos(\ln x)\;dx={\frac {x}{2}}(\sin(\ln x)+\cos(\ln x))$

$\int e^{cx}\;dx={\frac {1}{c}}e^{cx}$

$\int a^{cx}\;dx={\frac {1}{c\ln a}}a^{cx}\qquad {\mbox{( }}a>0,{\mbox{ }}a\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

$\int xe^{cx}\;dx={\frac {e^{cx}}{c^{2}}}(cx-1)$

$\int x^{2}e^{cx}\;dx=e^{cx}\left({\frac {x^{2}}{c}}-{\frac {2x}{c^{2}}}+{\frac {2}{c^{3}}}\right)$

$\int x^{n}e^{cx}\;dx={\frac {1}{c}}x^{n}e^{cx}-{\frac {n}{c}}\int x^{n-1}e^{cx}dx$

$\int {\frac {e^{cx}\;dx}{x}}=\ln |x|+\sum _{i=1}^{\infty }{\frac {(cx)^{i}}{i\cdot i!}}$

$\int {\frac {e^{cx}\;dx}{x^{n}}}={\frac {1}{n-1}}\left(-{\frac {e^{cx}}{x^{n-1}}}+c\int {\frac {e^{cx}}{x^{n-1}}}\,dx\right)\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

$\int e^{cx}\ln x\;dx={\frac {1}{c}}e^{cx}\ln |x|-\operatorname {Ei} \,(cx)$

$\int e^{cx}\sin bx\;dx={\frac {e^{cx}}{c^{2}+b^{2}}}(c\sin bx-b\cos bx)$

$\int e^{cx}\cos bx\;dx={\frac {e^{cx}}{c^{2}+b^{2}}}(c\cos bx+b\sin bx)$

$\int e^{cx}\sin ^{n}x\;dx={\frac {e^{cx}\sin ^{n-1}x}{c^{2}+n^{2}}}(c\sin x-n\cos x)+{\frac {n(n-1)}{c^{2}+n^{2}}}\int e^{cx}\sin ^{n-2}x\;dx$

$\int e^{cx}\cos ^{n}x\;dx={\frac {e^{cx}\cos ^{n-1}x}{c^{2}+n^{2}}}(c\cos x+n\sin x)+{\frac {n(n-1)}{c^{2}+n^{2}}}\int e^{cx}\cos ^{n-2}x\;dx$

$\int xe^{cx^{2}}\;dx={\frac {1}{2c}}\;e^{cx^{2}}$

$\int {1 \over \sigma {\sqrt {2\pi }}}\,e^{-{(x-\mu )^{2}/2\sigma ^{2}}}\;dx={\frac {1}{2\sigma }}(1+{\mbox{erf}}\,{\frac {x-\mu }{\sigma {\sqrt {2}}}})$

$\int e^{x^{2}}\,dx=e^{x^{2}}\left(\sum _{j=0}^{n-1}c_{2j}\,{\frac {1}{x^{2j+1}}}\right)+(2n-1)c_{2n-2}\int {\frac {e^{x^{2}}}{x^{2n}}}\;dx\quad (n>0),$

với $c_{2j}={\frac {1\cdot 3\cdot 5\cdots (2j-1)}{2^{j+1}}}={\frac {2j\,!}{j!\,2^{2j+1}}}\ .$

$\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }e^{-ax^{2}}\,dx={\sqrt {\pi \over a}}$

$\int _{0}^{\infty }x^{2n}e^{-{x^{2}}/{a^{2}}}\,dx={\sqrt {\pi }}{(2n)! \over {n!}}{\left({\frac {a}{2}}\right)}^{2n+1}$

$\int \sinh cx\,dx={\frac {1}{c}}\cosh cx$

$\int \cosh cx\,dx={\frac {1}{c}}\sinh cx$

$\int \sinh ^{2}cx\,dx={\frac {1}{4c}}\sinh 2cx-{\frac {x}{2}}$

$\int \cosh ^{2}cx\,dx={\frac {1}{4c}}\sinh 2cx+{\frac {x}{2}}$

$\int \sinh ^{n}cx\,dx={\frac {1}{cn}}\sinh ^{n-1}cx\cosh cx-{\frac {n-1}{n}}\int \sinh ^{n-2}cx\,dx\qquad {\mbox{( }}n>0{\mbox{)}}$

hay: $\int \sinh ^{n}cx\,dx={\frac {1}{c(n+1)}}\sinh ^{n+1}cx\cosh cx-{\frac {n+2}{n+1}}\int \sinh ^{n+2}cx\,dx\qquad {\mbox{( }}n<0{\mbox{, }}n\neq -1{\mbox{)}}$

$\int \cosh ^{n}cx\,dx={\frac {1}{cn}}\sinh cx\cosh ^{n-1}cx+{\frac {n-1}{n}}\int \cosh ^{n-2}cx\,dx\qquad {\mbox{( }}n>0{\mbox{)}}$

hay: $\int \cosh ^{n}cx\,dx=-{\frac {1}{c(n+1)}}\sinh cx\cosh ^{n+1}cx-{\frac {n+2}{n+1}}\int \cosh ^{n+2}cx\,dx\qquad {\mbox{( }}n<0{\mbox{, }}n\neq -1{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sinh cx}}={\frac {1}{c}}\ln \left|\tanh {\frac {cx}{2}}\right|$

hay: $\int {\frac {dx}{\sinh cx}}={\frac {1}{c}}\ln \left|{\frac {\cosh cx-1}{\sinh cx}}\right|$

hay: $\int {\frac {dx}{\sinh cx}}={\frac {1}{c}}\ln \left|{\frac {\sinh cx}{\cosh cx+1}}\right|$

hay: $\int {\frac {dx}{\sinh cx}}={\frac {1}{c}}\ln \left|{\frac {\cosh cx-1}{\cosh cx+1}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\cosh cx}}={\frac {2}{c}}\arctan e^{cx}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sinh ^{n}cx}}={\frac {\cosh cx}{c(n-1)\sinh ^{n-1}cx}}-{\frac {n-2}{n-1}}\int {\frac {dx}{\sinh ^{n-2}cx}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\cosh ^{n}cx}}={\frac {\sinh cx}{c(n-1)\cosh ^{n-1}cx}}+{\frac {n-2}{n-1}}\int {\frac {dx}{\cosh ^{n-2}cx}}\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {\cosh ^{n}cx}{\sinh ^{m}cx}}dx={\frac {\cosh ^{n-1}cx}{c(n-m)\sinh ^{m-1}cx}}+{\frac {n-1}{n-m}}\int {\frac {\cosh ^{n-2}cx}{\sinh ^{m}cx}}dx\qquad {\mbox{( }}m\neq n{\mbox{)}}$

hay: $\int {\frac {\cosh ^{n}cx}{\sinh ^{m}cx}}dx=-{\frac {\cosh ^{n+1}cx}{c(m-1)\sinh ^{m-1}cx}}+{\frac {n-m+2}{m-1}}\int {\frac {\cosh ^{n}cx}{\sinh ^{m-2}cx}}dx\qquad {\mbox{( }}m\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

hay: $\int {\frac {\cosh ^{n}cx}{\sinh ^{m}cx}}dx=-{\frac {\cosh ^{n-1}cx}{c(m-1)\sinh ^{m-1}cx}}+{\frac {n-1}{m-1}}\int {\frac {\cosh ^{n-2}cx}{\sinh ^{m-2}cx}}dx\qquad {\mbox{( }}m\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {\sinh ^{m}cx}{\cosh ^{n}cx}}dx={\frac {\sinh ^{m-1}cx}{c(m-n)\cosh ^{n-1}cx}}+{\frac {m-1}{m-n}}\int {\frac {\sinh ^{m-2}cx}{\cosh ^{n}cx}}dx\qquad {\mbox{( }}m\neq n{\mbox{)}}$

hay: $\int {\frac {\sinh ^{m}cx}{\cosh ^{n}cx}}dx={\frac {\sinh ^{m+1}cx}{c(n-1)\cosh ^{n-1}cx}}+{\frac {m-n+2}{n-1}}\int {\frac {\sinh ^{m}cx}{\cosh ^{n-2}cx}}dx\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

hay: $\int {\frac {\sinh ^{m}cx}{\cosh ^{n}cx}}dx=-{\frac {\sinh ^{m-1}cx}{c(n-1)\cosh ^{n-1}cx}}+{\frac {m-1}{n-1}}\int {\frac {\sinh ^{m-2}cx}{\cosh ^{n-2}cx}}dx\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

$\int x\sinh cx\,dx={\frac {1}{c}}x\cosh cx-{\frac {1}{c^{2}}}\sinh cx$

$\int x\cosh cx\,dx={\frac {1}{c}}x\sinh cx-{\frac {1}{c^{2}}}\cosh cx$

$\int \tanh cx\,dx={\frac {1}{c}}\ln |\cosh cx|$

$\int \coth cx\,dx={\frac {1}{c}}\ln |\sinh cx|$

$\int \tanh ^{n}cx\,dx=-{\frac {1}{c(n-1)}}\tanh ^{n-1}cx+\int \tanh ^{n-2}cx\,dx\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

$\int \coth ^{n}cx\,dx=-{\frac {1}{c(n-1)}}\coth ^{n-1}cx+\int \coth ^{n-2}cx\,dx\qquad {\mbox{( }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}$

$\int \sinh bx\sinh cx\,dx={\frac {1}{b^{2}-c^{2}}}(b\sinh cx\cosh bx-c\cosh cx\sinh bx)\qquad {\mbox{( }}b^{2}\neq c^{2}{\mbox{)}}$

$\int \cosh bx\cosh cx\,dx={\frac {1}{b^{2}-c^{2}}}(b\sinh bx\cosh cx-c\sinh cx\cosh bx)\qquad {\mbox{( }}b^{2}\neq c^{2}{\mbox{)}}$

$\int \cosh bx\sinh cx\,dx={\frac {1}{b^{2}-c^{2}}}(b\sinh bx\sinh cx-c\cosh bx\cosh cx)\qquad {\mbox{( }}b^{2}\neq c^{2}{\mbox{)}}$

$\int \sinh(ax+b)\sin(cx+d)\,dx={\frac {a}{a^{2}+c^{2}}}\cosh(ax+b)\sin(cx+d)-{\frac {c}{a^{2}+c^{2}}}\sinh(ax+b)\cos(cx+d)$

$\int \sinh(ax+b)\cos(cx+d)\,dx={\frac {a}{a^{2}+c^{2}}}\cosh(ax+b)\cos(cx+d)+{\frac {c}{a^{2}+c^{2}}}\sinh(ax+b)\sin(cx+d)$

$\int \cosh(ax+b)\sin(cx+d)\,dx={\frac {a}{a^{2}+c^{2}}}\sinh(ax+b)\sin(cx+d)-{\frac {c}{a^{2}+c^{2}}}\cosh(ax+b)\cos(cx+d)$

$\int \cosh(ax+b)\cos(cx+d)\,dx={\frac {a}{a^{2}+c^{2}}}\sinh(ax+b)\cos(cx+d)+{\frac {c}{a^{2}+c^{2}}}\cosh(ax+b)\sin(cx+d)$

Assume $(x^{2}>a^{2})$, for $(x^{2}<a^{2})$, see next section:

$\int xs\;dx={\frac {1}{3}}s^{3}$

$\int {\frac {s\;dx}{x}}=s-a\arccos \left|{\frac {a}{x}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s}}=\int {\frac {dx}{\sqrt {x^{2}-a^{2}}}}=\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

Note that $\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|=\mathrm {sgn} (x)\,\operatorname {arcosh} \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|={\frac {1}{2}}\ln \left({\frac {x+s}{x-s}}\right)$, where the positive value of $\operatorname {arcosh} \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|$ is to be taken.

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s}}=s$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{s}}$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {1}{3s^{3}}}$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{7}}}=-{\frac {1}{5s^{5}}}$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=-{\frac {1}{(2n-1)s^{2n-1}}}$

$\int {\frac {x^{2m}\;dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=-{\frac {1}{2n-1}}{\frac {x^{2m-1}}{s^{2n-1}}}+{\frac {2m-1}{2n-1}}\int {\frac {x^{2m-2}\;dx}{s^{2n-1}}}$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s}}={\frac {xs}{2}}+{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {x}{s}}+\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {x^{4}\;dx}{s}}={\frac {x^{3}s}{4}}+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{2}xs+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{4}\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {x^{4}\;dx}{s^{3}}}={\frac {xs}{2}}-{\frac {a^{2}x}{s}}+{\frac {3}{2}}a^{2}\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {x^{4}\;dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$

$\int {\frac {x^{2m}\;dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=(-1)^{n-m}{\frac {1}{a^{2(n-m)}}}\sum _{i=0}^{n-m-1}{\frac {1}{2(m+i)+1}}{n-m-1 \choose i}{\frac {x^{2(m+i)+1}}{s^{2(m+i)+1}}}\qquad {\mbox{(}}n>m\geq 0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{2}}}{\frac {x}{s}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{5}}}={\frac {1}{a^{4}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}\right]$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{7}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{6}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {2}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+{\frac {1}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}\right]$

$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{9}}}={\frac {1}{a^{8}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {3}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+{\frac {3}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}-{\frac {1}{7}}{\frac {x^{7}}{s^{7}}}\right]$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{2}}}{\frac {x^{3}}{3s^{3}}}$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{7}}}={\frac {1}{a^{4}}}\left[{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}-{\frac {1}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}\right]$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{9}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{6}}}\left[{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}-{\frac {2}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}+{\frac {1}{7}}{\frac {x^{7}}{s^{7}}}\right]$

$\int u\;dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xu+a^{2}\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}}\right)\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$

$\int xu\;dx=-{\frac {1}{3}}u^{3}\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$

$\int x^{2}u\;dx=-{\frac {x}{4}}u^{3}+{\frac {a^{2}}{8}}(xu+a^{2}\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}})\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {u\;dx}{x}}=u-a\ln \left|{\frac {a+u}{x}}\right|\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{u}}=\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}}\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{u}}={\frac {1}{2}}\left(-xu+a^{2}\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}}\right)\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$

$\int u\;dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xu-\operatorname {sgn} x\,\operatorname {arcosh} \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|\right)\qquad {\mbox{(for }}|x|\geq |a|{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {x}{u}}\;dx=-u\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$

Tích phân hàm hợp (Integrals involving) $R={\sqrt {ax^{2}+bx+c}}$

Assume (ax² + bx + c) cannot be reduced to the following expression (px + q)² for some p and q.

$\int {\frac {dx}{R}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {a}}}\ln \left|2{\sqrt {a}}R+2ax+b\right|\qquad {\mbox{(for }}a>0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{R}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {a}}}\,\operatorname {arsinh} {\frac {2ax+b}{\sqrt {4ac-b^{2}}}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}a>0{\mbox{, }}4ac-b^{2}>0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{R}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {a}}}\ln |2ax+b|\quad {\mbox{(for }}a>0{\mbox{, }}4ac-b^{2}=0{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{R}}=-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {-a}}}\arcsin {\frac {2ax+b}{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}a<0{\mbox{, }}4ac-b^{2}<0{\mbox{, }}\left|2ax+b\right|<{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}{\mbox{)}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{R^{3}}}={\frac {4ax+2b}{(4ac-b^{2})R}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{R^{5}}}={\frac {4ax+2b}{3(4ac-b^{2})R}}\left({\frac {1}{R^{2}}}+{\frac {8a}{4ac-b^{2}}}\right)$

$\int {\frac {dx}{R^{2n+1}}}={\frac {2}{(2n-1)(4ac-b^{2})}}\left({\frac {2ax+b}{R^{2n-1}}}+4a(n-1)\int {\frac {dx}{R^{2n-1}}}\right)$

$\int {\frac {x}{R}}\;dx={\frac {R}{a}}-{\frac {b}{2a}}\int {\frac {dx}{R}}$

$\int {\frac {x}{R^{3}}}\;dx=-{\frac {2bx+4c}{(4ac-b^{2})R}}$

$\int {\frac {x}{R^{2n+1}}}\;dx=-{\frac {1}{(2n-1)aR^{2n-1}}}-{\frac {b}{2a}}\int {\frac {dx}{R^{2n+1}}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{xR}}=-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {c}}}\ln \left({\frac {2{\sqrt {c}}R+bx+2c}{x}}\right)$

$\int {\frac {dx}{xR}}=-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {c}}}\operatorname {arsinh} \left({\frac {bx+2c}{|x|{\sqrt {4ac-b^{2}}}}}\right)$

$\int S{dx}={\frac {2S^{3}}{3a}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{S}}={\frac {2S}{a}}$

$\int {\frac {dx}{xS}}={\begin{cases}-{\frac {2}{\sqrt {b}}}\mathrm {arcoth} \left({\frac {S}{\sqrt {b}}}\right)&{\mbox{(for }}b>0,\quad ax>0{\mbox{)}}\\-{\frac {2}{\sqrt {b}}}\mathrm {artanh} \left({\frac {S}{\sqrt {b}}}\right)&{\mbox{(for }}b>0,\quad ax<0{\mbox{)}}\\{\frac {2}{\sqrt {-b}}}\arctan \left({\frac {S}{\sqrt {-b}}}\right)&{\mbox{(for }}b<0{\mbox{)}}\\\end{cases}}$

$\int {\frac {S}{x}}\,dx={\begin{cases}2\left(S-{\sqrt {b}}\,\mathrm {arcoth} \left({\frac {S}{\sqrt {b}}}\right)\right)&{\mbox{(for }}b>0,\quad ax>0{\mbox{)}}\\2\left(S-{\sqrt {b}}\,\mathrm {artanh} \left({\frac {S}{\sqrt {b}}}\right)\right)&{\mbox{(for }}b>0,\quad ax<0{\mbox{)}}\\2\left(S-{\sqrt {-b}}\arctan \left({\frac {S}{\sqrt {-b}}}\right)\right)&{\mbox{(for }}b<0{\mbox{)}}\\\end{cases}}$

$\int {\frac {x^{n}}{S}}dx={\frac {2}{a(2n+1)}}\left(x^{n}S-bn\int {\frac {x^{n-1}}{S}}dx\right)$

$\int x^{n}Sdx={\frac {2}{a(2n+3)}}\left(x^{n}S^{3}-nb\int x^{n-1}Sdx\right)$

$\int {\frac {1}{x^{n}S}}dx=-{\frac {1}{b(n-1)}}\left({\frac {S}{x^{n-1}}}+\left(n-{\frac {3}{2}}\right)a\int {\frac {dx}{x^{n-1}S}}\right)$

$\int \sin ax\;dx=-{\frac {1}{a}}\cos ax+C\,\!$

$\int \sin ^{2}{ax}\;dx={\frac {x}{2}}-{\frac {1}{4a}}\sin 2ax+C={\frac {x}{2}}-{\frac {1}{2a}}\sin ax\cos ax+C\!$

$\int \sin ^{3}{ax}\;dx={\frac {\cos 3ax}{12a}}-{\frac {3\cos ax}{4a}}+C\!$

$\int x\sin ^{2}{ax}\;dx={\frac {x^{2}}{4}}-{\frac {x}{4a}}\sin 2ax-{\frac {1}{8a^{2}}}\cos 2ax+C\!$

$\int x^{2}\sin ^{2}{ax}\;dx={\frac {x^{3}}{6}}-\left({\frac {x^{2}}{4a}}-{\frac {1}{8a^{3}}}\right)\sin 2ax-{\frac {x}{4a^{2}}}\cos 2ax+C\!$

$\int \sin b_{1}x\sin b_{2}x\;dx={\frac {\sin((b_{1}-b_{2})x)}{2(b_{1}-b_{2})}}-{\frac {\sin((b_{1}+b_{2})x)}{2(b_{1}+b_{2})}}+C\qquad {\mbox{(for }}|b_{1}|\neq |b_{2}|{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int \sin ^{n}{ax}\;dx=-{\frac {\sin ^{n-1}ax\cos ax}{na}}+{\frac {n-1}{n}}\int \sin ^{n-2}ax\;dx\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n>2{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sin ax}}={\frac {1}{a}}\ln \left|\tan {\frac {ax}{2}}\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {dx}{\sin ^{n}ax}}={\frac {\cos ax}{a(1-n)\sin ^{n-1}ax}}+{\frac {n-2}{n-1}}\int {\frac {dx}{\sin ^{n-2}ax}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n>1{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int x\sin ax\;dx={\frac {\sin ax}{a^{2}}}-{\frac {x\cos ax}{a}}+C\,\!$

$\int x^{n}\sin ax\;dx=-{\frac {x^{n}}{a}}\cos ax+{\frac {n}{a}}\int x^{n-1}\cos ax\;dx=\sum _{k=0}^{2k\leq n}(-1)^{k+1}{\frac {x^{n-2k}}{a^{1+2k}}}{\frac {n!}{(n-2k)!}}\cos ax+\sum _{k=0}^{2k+1\leq n}(-1)^{k}{\frac {x^{n-1-2k}}{a^{2+2k}}}{\frac {n!}{(n-2k-1)!}}\sin ax\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n>0{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int _{\frac {-a}{2}}^{\frac {a}{2}}x^{2}\sin ^{2}{\frac {n\pi x}{a}}\;dx={\frac {a^{3}(n^{2}\pi ^{2}-6)}{24n^{2}\pi ^{2}}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n=2,4,6...{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\sin ax}{x}}dx=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }(-1)^{n}{\frac {(ax)^{2n+1}}{(2n+1)\cdot (2n+1)!}}+C\,\!$

$\int {\frac {\sin ax}{x^{n}}}dx=-{\frac {\sin ax}{(n-1)x^{n-1}}}+{\frac {a}{n-1}}\int {\frac {\cos ax}{x^{n-1}}}dx\,\!$

$\int {\frac {dx}{1\pm \sin ax}}={\frac {1}{a}}\tan \left({\frac {ax}{2}}\mp {\frac {\pi }{4}}\right)+C$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{1+\sin ax}}={\frac {x}{a}}\tan \left({\frac {ax}{2}}-{\frac {\pi }{4}}\right)+{\frac {2}{a^{2}}}\ln \left|\cos \left({\frac {ax}{2}}-{\frac {\pi }{4}}\right)\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {x\;dx}{1-\sin ax}}={\frac {x}{a}}\cot \left({\frac {\pi }{4}}-{\frac {ax}{2}}\right)+{\frac {2}{a^{2}}}\ln \left|\sin \left({\frac {\pi }{4}}-{\frac {ax}{2}}\right)\right|+C$

$\int {\frac {\sin ax\;dx}{1\pm \sin ax}}=\pm x+{\frac {1}{a}}\tan \left({\frac {\pi }{4}}\mp {\frac {ax}{2}}\right)+C$

$\int \cos ax\;dx={\frac {1}{a}}\sin ax+C\,\!$

$\int \cos ^{2}{ax}\;dx={\frac {x}{2}}+{\frac {1}{4a}}\sin 2ax+C={\frac {x}{2}}+{\frac {1}{2a}}\sin ax\cos ax+C\!$

$\int \cos ^{n}ax\;dx={\frac {\cos ^{n-1}ax\sin ax}{na}}+{\frac {n-1}{n}}\int \cos ^{n-2}ax\;dx\qquad {\mbox{(for }}n>0{\mbox{)}}\,\!$

$\int x\cos ax\;dx={\frac {\cos ax}{a^{2}}}+{\frac {x\sin ax}{a}}+C\,\!$

$\int x^{2}\cos ^{2}{ax}\;dx={\frac {x^{3}}{6}}+\left({\frac {x^{2}}{4a}}-{\frac {1}{8a^{3}}}\right)\sin 2ax+{\frac {x}{4a^{2}}}\cos 2ax+C\!$

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